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Galileo Computing. Wissen, wie’s geht.
|
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PC-Netzwerke
978-3-89842-307-6 |
| Inhaltsverzeichnis |
|---|
Vorwort ... 13
1 ... Einleitung ... 15
1.1 ... Aufbau des
Buches ................................
.
.......................................
.
...... 17
1.2 ... Verwendete Formatierungen
und
Auszeichnungen ........................
.
..... 18
1.3 ... Buch-
CD ....................................
.
.......................................
.
.................. 19
Teil 1 ... Grundwissen
Netzwerke ... 21
2 ... Grundlagen der
Kommunikation ... 23
2.1 ... Kommunikation
allgemein .............................
.
.....................................
25
2.2 ... Kommunikation zwischen
Rechnern ..............................
.
..................... 26
2.3 ... Was ist ein
Netzwerk? .............................
.
.......................................
.
.... 27
2.3.1 ...
Netzwerktopologien ....................
.
.......................................
.
... 28
2.4 ...
Kommunikationsmodell ..................
.
.......................................
.
............ 30
2.4.1 ... DoD-
Modell ................................
.
.......................................
.
... 31
2.4.2 ... ISO-/OSI-
Modell ................................
.
....................................
32
2.4.3 ...
Kommunikation .........................
.
.......................................
.
..... 33
3 ... Lokales Netz (LAN )
37
3.1 ...
Ethernet ..............................
.
.......................................
.
........................ 39
3.1.1 ... Fast-
Ethernet ..............................
.
.......................................
.
... 42
3.1.2 ... Gigabit-
Ethernet ..............................
.
.......................................
43
3.1.3 ...
Ausblick ..............................
.
.......................................
.
........... 45
3.1.4 ...
Hub ...................................
.
.......................................
.
............. 46
3.1.5 ...
Switch ................................
.
.......................................
.
............ 47
3.2 ... Das Internetprotokoll
(IP) ..................................
.
.................................
50
3.2.1 ...
Allgemeines... ........................
.
.......................................
.
......... 50
3.2.2 ...
Routing ...............................
.
.......................................
.
........... 54
3.2.3 ... Private IP-
Adressen ..............................
.
..................................
57
3.2.4 ... NAT, Network Address
Translation ...........................
.
.............. 58
3.2.5 ...
Proxy .................................
.
.......................................
.
............ 60
3.2.6 ... IP Version
6 .....................................
.
......................................
61
3.3 ... Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) .................................
.
................. 62
3.4 ... Address-Resolution Protocol
(ARP) .................................
.
................... 64
3.5 ... Internet Control Message
Protocol
(ICMP) ................................
.
........ 65
3.6 ... Simple Network Management
Protocol
(SNMP) ................................
.
66
3.7 ... Wireless
LAN ...................................
.
.......................................
.
........... 67
3.7.1 ... IEEE
802.11b ...............................
.
.......................................
.
.. 69
3.7.2 ... IEEE 802.11a und
802.11g ...............................
.
..................... 73
3.7.3 ... Sicherheit von
WLANs... ..............................
.
.......................... 74
3.8 ... Virtual Private Network
(VPN) .................................
.
........................... 76
4 ... Weitverkehrsverbindung
(WAN)
83
4.1 ...
ISDN ..................................
.
.......................................
.
......................... 85
4.1.1 ...
Allgemeines... ........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 85
4.1.2 ... Basis-
ISDN ..................................
.
.......................................
.
... 86
4.1.3 ... Breitband-
ISDN ..................................
.
...................................
88
4.2 ...
xDSL ..................................
.
.......................................
.
......................... 88
4.2.1 ... Allgemeines zu
DSL ...................................
.
............................. 88
4.2.2 ...
ADSL ..................................
.
.......................................
.
........... 90
4.2.3 ...
SDSL ..................................
.
.......................................
.
............ 92
4.2.4 ... S-
HDSL ..................................
.
.......................................
.
........ 93
4.2.5 ...
VDSL ..................................
.
.......................................
.
........... 93
4.2.6 ... Zukunftsaussichten von
xDSL ..................................
.
............... 94
4.3 ... Weitere
Standards .............................
.
.......................................
.
......... 96
5 ... Netzwerk-Planung ...
99
5.1 ...
Bedarfsanalyse ........................
.
.......................................
.
.................... 101
5.2 ... Ist-
Analyse ...............................
.
.......................................
.
................... 103
5.3 ...
Planungsergebnis ......................
.
.......................................
.
.................. 104
5.4 ... Rechtlicher
Hintergrund ...........................
.
.......................................
.
... 105
5.4.1 ...
Vertrag ...............................
.
.......................................
.
............ 106
5.4.2 ...
Vorschriften ..........................
.
.......................................
.
......... 107
5.4.3 ...
Abschlussmessung ......................
.
.......................................
.
.... 108
5.5 ...
Kabelwege .............................
.
.......................................
.
..................... 110
5.6 ...
Kabel .................................
.
.......................................
.
.......................... 111
5.6.1 ...
Kupferkabel ...........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 111
5.6.2 ...
Glasfaserkabel ........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 113
5.6.3 ...
Mischvarianten ........................
.
.......................................
.
...... 114
5.7 ...
Netzwerkkarten ........................
.
.......................................
.
.................. 114
5.7.1 ... 100Base-TX-
Karten ................................
.
................................
114
5.7.2 ... 1000Base-
T .....................................
.
.......................................
115
5.7.3 ... PCMCIA-/Cardbus-
Karten ................................
.
...................... 116
5.7.4 ... LWL-
Karten ................................
.
.......................................
.
.... 118
5.7.5 ...
Sonderfunktionen ......................
.
.......................................
.
..... 118
5.8 ...
Hub/Switches ..........................
.
.......................................
.
.................... 119
5.8.1 ...
Hub ...................................
.
.......................................
.
............. 120
5.8.2 ... Switch:
Fachbegriffe ..........................
.
.....................................
120
5.8.3 ... Mini-
Switch ................................
.
.......................................
.
... 122
5.8.4 ... Workgroup-
Switch ................................
.
.................................
123
5.8.5 ... Modulare Switch-
Systeme ...............................
.
....................... 126
5.9 ...
Router ................................
.
.......................................
.
......................... 127
5.9.1 ... Router für die
Internetanbindung .....................
.
...................... 127
5.9.2 ... Router für das LAN und
Layer-
3-
Switches ..............................
.
129
5.9.3 ... Router für das
WAN ...................................
.
............................ 130
5.10 ...
Planung ...............................
.
.......................................
.
........................ 131
5.10.1 ... Verteilräume und
Kabelwege .............................
.
..................... 131
5.10.2 ... Netzwerkanschlüsse für
Endgeräte .............................
.
............. 132
5.10.3 ...
Buchungsfaktoren ......................
.
.......................................
.
..... 133
5.11 ...
Migrationsmöglichkeiten ...............
.
.......................................
.
............. 135
5.12 ...
Notfallplan ...........................
.
.......................................
.
....................... 136
5.12.1 ...
Gefahrenklassen .......................
.
.......................................
.
...... 136
5.12.2 ...
Netzwerkdokumentation .................
.
.......................................
137
5.12.3 ...
Checkliste ............................
.
.......................................
.
........... 139
5.12.4 ... Weitere
Informationen .........................
.
.................................. 141
Teil 2 ... Praxiswissen ...
143
6 ... Kabel, Karten und
Konfiguration ... 145
6.1 ...
Kupferkabel ...........................
.
.......................................
.
...................... 148
6.1.1 ...
Arten .................................
.
.......................................
.
............. 148
6.1.2 ... Netzwerkstecker
anbringen .............................
.
....................... 151
6.1.3 ... Patchpanel und
Netzwerkdosen
anschließen ...........................
155
6.1.4 ... Cross-
Kabel .................................
.
.......................................
.
... 157
6.2 ...
Glasfaserkabel ........................
.
.......................................
.
..................... 157
6.2.1 ...
Grundlagen ............................
.
.......................................
.
........ 157
6.2.2 ...
Steckersysteme ........................
.
.......................................
.
....... 159
7 ... Netzwerkkarten ... 161
7.1 ...
Grundlagen ............................
.
.......................................
.
...................... 163
7.2 ... PCI-
Netzwerkkarten ........................
.
.......................................
.
............ 164
7.2.1 ...
Allgemeines... ........................
.
.......................................
.
......... 164
7.2.2 ...
Kaufen ................................
.
.......................................
.
........... 165
7.2.3 ...
Einbauen ..............................
.
.......................................
.
.......... 168
7.3 ... ISA-
Netzwerkkarten ........................
.
.......................................
.
............ 170
7.3.1 ...
Vorbemerkungen ........................
.
.......................................
.
... 170
7.3.2 ...
Einbauen ..............................
.
.......................................
.
......... 170
7.3.3 ... Karte
einstellen ............................
.
.......................................
.
.. 171
7.3.4 ... BIOS
einstellen ............................
.
.......................................
.
.. 172
7.4 ... PCMCIA-/Cardbus-
Netzwerkkarten ........................
.
............................ 173
8 ... Hubs und Switches ...
177
8.1 ...
Hubs ..................................
.
.......................................
.
......................... 179
8.1.1 ...
Technik ...............................
.
.......................................
.
........... 179
8.1.2 ...
Fazit .................................
.
.......................................
.
.............. 180
8.2 ...
Switches ..............................
.
.......................................
.
....................... 180
8.2.1 ...
Technik ...............................
.
.......................................
.
........... 180
8.2.2 ...
Marktübersicht ........................
.
.......................................
.
...... 181
8.2.3 ... Switches
integrieren ...........................
.
....................................
187
8.2.4 ...
Fazit .................................
.
.......................................
.
.............. 188
9 ... Betriebssystem(e)
einrichten ... 189
9.1 ... Allgemeine
Vorbemerkungen ........................
.
......................................
191
9.2 ... Windows
einrichten ............................
.
.......................................
.
........ 194
9.2.1 ... Windows XP
Professional/Home .....................
.
....................... 194
9.2.2 ... Andere Windows-
Versionen .............................
.
..................... 199
9.2.3 ... Erweiterte XP-
Netzwerkeinstellungen .................
.
................... 200
9.2.4 ... Drucker- und
Dateifreigaben ........................
.
.......................... 204
9.3 ... Linux
einrichten ............................
.
.......................................
.
.............. 214
9.3.1 ...
Allgemeines... ........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 214
9.3.2 ... Netzwerkkarten
einrichten ............................
.
......................... 214
9.3.3 ... WLAN-Karte unter Linux
(PCMCIA)
installieren ......................
220
9.3.4 ... Netzlaufwerke mit Samba
und
NFS ...................................
.
..... 224
10 ... Netzwerkadministration ...
233
10.1 ...
Troubleshooting .......................
.
.......................................
.
................... 235
10.1.1 ...
Vorgehensweise ........................
.
.......................................
.
..... 235
10.1.2 ... Bordmittel der
Betriebssysteme .......................
.
....................... 238
10.1.3 ...
Zusatzprogramme .......................
.
.......................................
.
... 258
10.2 ...
Netzwerkmanagement ....................
.
.......................................
.
............ 275
10.2.1 ...
Allgemeines... ........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 275
10.2.2 ...
Windows.... ...........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 275
10.2.3 ...
Linux .................................
.
.......................................
.
............ 285
10.3 ...
Fernadministration ....................
.
.......................................
.
.................. 288
10.3.1 ... Telnet und Secure Shell
(SSH) .................................
.
................ 288
10.3.2 ... X11, die grafische
Benutzeroberfläche unter
Linux ................... 294
10.3.3 ...
VNC ...................................
.
.......................................
.
............ 297
10.3.4 ... Remotedesktop =
Terminalservice .......................
.
................... 301
10.3.5 ... Kommerzielle
Lösungen ..............................
.
........................... 307
10.3.6 ...
Fazit .................................
.
.......................................
.
.............. 308
11 ... Sicherheit im LAN ...
311
11.1 ... Allgemeines zur Sicherheit im
LAN ...................................
.
.................. 313
11.1.1 ... Historische
Betrachtungen .........................
.
............................. 313
11.1.2 ...
Sicherheitsprobleme ...................
.
.......................................
.
.... 314
11.1.3 ... Sicherheitslösungen im
Überblick .............................
.
.............. 319
11.2 ... Programme zur
Netzwerksicherheit ....................
.
................................
323
11.2.1 ...
Firewalls. ............................
.
.......................................
.
............ 323
11.2.2 ... Network Intrusion
Detection-
Systeme
(NIDS) .........................
331
11.2.3 ... Sicherheit von
WLANs... ..............................
.
........................... 334
11.2.4 ... Angriffe:
Übersicht .............................
.
....................................
341
12 ... Internetzugang ...
345
12.1 ...
Allgemeines ...........................
.
.......................................
.
...................... 347
12.2 ... Windows-
Internetverbindungsfreigabe ...........
.
...................................
349
12.2.1 ... Server
konfigurieren .........................
.
......................................
349
12.2.2 ... Clients
konfigurieren .........................
.
.....................................
354
12.2.3 ...
Alternativen ..........................
.
.......................................
.
......... 355
12.3 ... Hardware-
Router ................................
.
.......................................
.
......... 355
12.3.1 ... Allgemeine
Vorbemerkungen ........................
.
......................... 355
12.3.2 ... Kriterien für den
Routerkauf ............................
.
....................... 356
12.3.3 ... Router
aufbauen ..............................
.
.......................................
358
12.3.4 ... Router
konfigurieren .........................
.
.....................................
361
12.3.5 ... Timeout-
Problem ...............................
.
....................................
362
12.4 ... Software-
Lösungen ..............................
.
.......................................
.
....... 364
12.4.1 ... Software-Router:
FLI4L .................................
.
.......................... 364
12.4.2 ... Proxy: Jana-
Server ................................
.
.................................. 378
Teil 3 ... Workshop ... 391
13 ... Ein kleines LAN ...
393
13.1 ... Planung: Welche
Komponenten
benötigen
Sie? ..................................
.
395
13.1.1 ...
Grundüberlegungen .....................
.
.......................................
.
.. 395
13.1.2 ... Kabel und, wenn ja,
welches? ..............................
.
................... 396
13.1.3 ... Beispiel Mini-
LAN ...................................
.
...............................
397
13.1.4 ...
Zusammenfassung .......................
.
.......................................
.
... 399
13.2 ...
Einkaufen .............................
.
.......................................
.
....................... 399
13.2.1 ...
Wo? ...................................
.
.......................................
.
............ 399
13.2.2 ...
Preisübersicht ........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 400
13.2.3 ... Beispiel-Rechnung Mini-
LAN ...................................
.
.............. 401
13.3 ... Hardware ein- und
aufbauen ..............................
.
................................
401
13.3.1 ...
Netzwerkkarten ........................
.
.......................................
.
..... 401
13.3.2 ... LAN-
Verschaltung ..........................
.
.......................................
.
402
13.4 ... Software
konfigurieren .........................
.
.......................................
.
...... 403
13.4.1 ... Treiber
installieren ..........................
.
.......................................
403
13.4.2 ... IP-
Konfiguration .........................
.
.......................................
.
... 404
13.5 ... Probleme
lösen .................................
.
.......................................
.
.......... 406
13.5.1 ...
Allgemeines... ........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 406
13.5.2 ... Fehlersuche Schritt für
Schritt ...............................
.
................. 407
14 ... Netzwerk-Dienste
konfigurieren ... 413
14.1 ... IP-Konfigurationen durch
DHCP ..................................
.
....................... 415
14.1.1 ... DHCP im
Überblick .............................
.
...................................
415
14.1.2 ... Das DHCP-Verfahren im
Einzelnen .............................
.
............ 417
14.1.3 ... DHCP unter
Windows.... ...........................
.
............................. 420
14.1.4 ... DHCP unter
Linux .................................
.
.................................
424
14.1.5 ... DHCP vom DSL-
Router ................................
.
.......................... 430
14.1.6 ... DHCP-
Relay .................................
.
.......................................
.
.. 432
14.2 ... Namensauflösung im LAN
über
DNS ...................................
.
............... 433
14.2.1 ... Das Verfahren der
Namensauflösung .......................
.
............... 433
14.2.2 ... DNS unter
Windows.. .............................
.
...............................
437
14.2.3 ... DNS mit Linux: Bind
9 .....................................
.
...................... 438
14.2.4 ... Dynamische Updates im
DNS ...................................
.
............. 445
14.3 ... Linux als Netzwerk-
Server ................................
.
..................................
448
14.3.1 ...
Motivation ............................
.
.......................................
.
......... 448
14.3.2 ... Aufgaben eines Netzwerk-
Servers ...............................
.
........... 449
14.3.3 ...
Installation ..........................
.
.......................................
.
........... 450
14.3.4 ...
Konfiguration .........................
.
.......................................
.
........ 454
14.3.5 ... Domänen-
Clients... ............................
.
....................................
472
14.3.6 ... Backup-
Mechanismen ...........................
.
.................................
483
15 ... Netzwerk-Rosinen ...
487
15.1 ... WLAN-Sicherheit
analysieren ...........................
.
..................................
489
15.1.1 ...
AirSnort ..............................
.
.......................................
.
........... 489
15.1.2 ... warLinux-
Distribution ..........................
.
..................................
493
15.1.3 ... wavemon &
Co. ...................................
.
..................................
496
15.2 ... LAN-
Party .................................
.
.......................................
.
................... 498
15.2.1 ...
Wissen ................................
.
.......................................
.
........... 498
15.2.2 ...
Praxis. ...............................
.
.......................................
.
............. 499
15.2.3 ...
Fehlersuche ...........................
.
.......................................
.
......... 504
Teil 4 ... Anhang ... 507
A ... FLI4L mit dem Text-
Editor ...
509
A.1 ... Allgemeine
Hinweise ..............................
.
.......................................
.
..... 511
A.2 ...
Grundkonfiguration ....................
.
.......................................
.
................. 511
1.2.1 ...
base.txt ..............................
.
.......................................
.
............ 511
1.2.2 ...
isdn.txt ..............................
.
.......................................
.
............. 524
1.2.3 ...
dsl.txt ...............................
.
.......................................
.
.............. 532
1.2.4 ...
inet.txt ..............................
.
.......................................
.
............. 535
A.3 ... Konfiguration
erstellen .............................
.
.......................................
.
... 537
1.3.1 ...
Windows... ............................
.
.......................................
.
......... 537
1.3.2 ...
Linux .................................
.
.......................................
.
............. 537
1.3.3 ... Router
booten ................................
.
.......................................
.
538
1.3.4 ... Internetzugang von
PCs. ..................................
.
....................... 539
A.4 ... Tuning
(optional) ............................
.
.......................................
.
............. 539
1.4.1 ... Mehrere ISDN-
Provider ..............................
.
............................ 539
1.4.2 ...
isdn.txt ..............................
.
.......................................
.
............. 540
1.4.3 ... Time-
Server ................................
.
.......................................
.
.... 541
1.4.4 ...
Clients.... ...........................
.
.......................................
.
............. 542
1.4.5 ...
Festplatteninstallation ...............
.
.......................................
.
..... 544
1.4.6 ...
DHCP ..................................
.
.......................................
.
........... 549
A.5 ... Wie geht es weiter bei
FLI4L? ................................
.
............................. 551
B ... Linux-Befehle ... 553
B.1 ...
Vorbemerkung ..........................
.
.......................................
.
................... 555
B.2 ...
Grundbefehle ..........................
.
.......................................
.
.................... 556
B.2.1 ... Bewegen im
Dateisystem ...........................
.
............................. 556
B.2.2 ...
Datenströme ...........................
.
.......................................
.
....... 559
B.2.3 ... Prozesse und
Dateisystem ...........................
.
........................... 560
B.2.4 ...
Netzwerkbefehle .......................
.
.......................................
.
..... 562
B.3 ... Der Editor
vi ....................................
.
.......................................
.
............ 563
B.3.1 ...
Einleitung ............................
.
.......................................
.
........... 563
B.3.2 ... Einfaches Arbeiten;
Grundsätzliches .......................
.
................ 564
B.4 ... Shell-
Skripten ..............................
.
.......................................
.
................ 566
C ... US-Tastatur-Layout ...
569
D ... Infothek ... 571
D.1 ... Portalseiten-
Netzwerk ..............................
.
.......................................
.
.. 573
D.2 ... Zeitschriften, Infos und
Newsletter ............................
.
........................ 573
D.3 ... Portalseiten
Linux .................................
.
.......................................
.
...... 574
D.4 ... Suchseiten und
Newsgroups ............................
.
..................................
574
D.5 ... Programme und
Programmsammlungen ....................
.
......................... 574
D.6 ...
Softwareprojekte ......................
.
.......................................
.
.................. 574
D.7 ...
Hersteller ............................
.
.......................................
.
........................ 575
E ... Glossar ... 577
Index ... 593
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